Stone's Live Space

 

他举头望着民众，他们一时沉默了。
他用洪亮的声音说：

当爱向你们召唤的时候，跟随着他，
虽然他的路程是艰险而陡峻。
当他的翅翼围卷你们的时候，屈服与他，
虽然那藏在羽膈中间的剑刃也许会伤毁你们。
当他对你说话的时候，信从他，
虽然他的声音会把你们的梦魂击碎，如同北风吹荒了林园。

爱虽给你加冠，他也把你钉在十字架上。
他虽栽培你，他也刈剪你。

他虽升到你的最高处，
抚惜你在日中颤动的枝叶，
他也要降到你的根下，
摇动你的根柢的一切关节，使之归土。

【如同一捆稻粟，他把你束聚起来。】
【他舂打你使你赤裸】
【他筛分你使你脱壳】
【他磨碾你直至洁白】
【他揉搓你直至柔韧】
【然后他送你到他的圣火上去，使你成为上帝圣筵上的圣饼。】

这些都是爱要给你们作的事情，
使你知道自己心中的秘密，
在这知识中你便成了"生命"心中的一屑。

假如在你的疑惧中，
只寻求爱的和平与逸乐，
那不如掩盖你的裸露而躲过爱的筛打，
而走入那没有季候的世界，在那里你将欢笑，
却不是尽量的笑悦，
你将哭泣，却没有流干眼泪。

爱除自身外无施与，
除自身外无接受。
爱不占有也不被占有；
因为爱在爱中满足了。

当你爱的时候，你不要说：
"上帝在我心中"，却要说："我在上帝的心里。"

不要想你能引导爱的路程，
因为若是他觉得你配，他就引导你。
爱没有别的愿望，只要成全自己。

【但若是你爱，而且需求愿望，就让以下的作你的愿望吧：】
【溶化了你自己，象溪流般对清夜吟唱着歌曲】
【要知道过度温存的痛苦】
【让你对于爱的了解毁伤了你自己】
【而且甘愿地喜乐地流血】
【清晨醒起，以喜扬的心来致谢这爱的又一日】
【日中静息，默念爱的浓欢】
【晚潮退时，感谢地回家】

【然后在睡时祈祷，因为有被爱者在你的心中，有赞美之歌在你的唇上】

 —— 纪伯伦，选自《先知-1923》

Typhoon MK.IB MP195/DP-Z of No.193 Sq. Aug.1944
(Easy Model "Winged Ace" Series - Kit No.36312)

DESCRIPTION

The Hawker Typhoon was a British single-seat fighter-bomber, produced by Hawker Aircraft starting in 1941. Although it was intended to be a replacement for the Hawker Hurricane in the interceptor role, the Typhoon eventually evolved into one of the Second World War's most successful ground-attack aircraft. This model-kit(ESY36312) is a 1/72 Scale Typhoon Mk.IB Easy Model Platinum Collectible from the MRC WWII Aircraft Series.

FEATURES

Hawker "Typhoon" MK.IB painted as the Mp195, DP-Z of No.193 Squadron, August 1944
Fully assembled polystyrene static display model / Highly detailed  and pre-painted
Movable propeller / Nicely detailed landing gear / Cockpit and canopy detail

INCLUDES

One plastic model / Display stand included / No assembly required!

SPECS

Scale: 1/72
Length: 5.28" (134.2mm)
Wingspan: 6.88"  (174.8mm)
Suitable for Ages 14 & Older

"Typhoon"  Fighter-Bomber Background  
(RAF pilots called the big fighter the "Tiffy")

TORNADO & TYPHOON
Written by: Greg Gobel

The Hawker Typhoon was the result of British Air Ministry specification "F.18/37", which reached final form in early 1938 and specified a heavily armed interceptor to destroy heavy long-range escort fighters. The specification called for an armament of twelve 7.7 millimeter (0.303 caliber) Browning machine guns, or preferably four 20 millimeter cannon if development of these weapons then in progress proceeded on course. Such heavy armament meant a heavy aircraft and so a very powerful engine.

The British had three very powerful piston engines in the works. One was the Bristol "Centaurus" sleeve-value air-cooled 18-cylinder radial engine, but prewar air races had biased many in the British air establishment against radials, and engine options felt to be most promising were two 24-cylinder water-cooled inline designs, the Rolls-Royce "Vulture" and the Napier "Sabre".

The Vulture and the Sabre were very unconventional engines. The Vulture consisted essentially of two V-12 Peregrine engine cylinder blocks joined top-to-top, with the two blocks driving a common crankshaft. The Sabre consisted of two flat-12 engines sitting on top of each other, with each driving its own crankshaft, and the two crankshafts joined by a common gearbox. Both engines provided about 1,490 kW (2,000 HP).

A design team under the well-known Sydney Camm at Hawker had already been working on designs for powerful interceptors that fit the F.18/37 specification, and quickly sent the Air Ministry proposals. One design was to be powered by the Rolls-Royce Vulture and was known as the "Type R", and the other was to be powered by the Napier Sabre and was known as the "Type N". The Air Ministry quickly accepted the proposals and ordered two of each aircraft. The Vulture-powered Type R was to be named "Tornado", while the Sabre-powered Type N was to be named "Typhoon".

Unsurprisingly, the two aircraft had similar airframes, and in fact they both somewhat resembled a bigger version of the Hawker Hurricane. They were built very strong, had a thick wing, and were "taildraggers", with the main landing gear hinged in the wings and retracting towards the fuselage, giving the aircraft a very wide track. The pilot got in and out of the cockpit through a car-style door.

The first Tornado flew on 6 October 1939 with a 1,313 kW (1,760 HP) Vulture II. The Air Ministry was so enthusiastic about the new Hawker designs that even though they were unproven, an order was placed with Hawker for 1,000 of them, with 500 to be Tornadoes, 250 to be Typhoons, and 250 to be whatever proved to be the better aircraft after evaluation. Since Hawker production was heavily committed at the time, Avro was to build the Tornado and Gloster was to build the Typhoon. Both companies had a relationship with Hawker through the Hawker-Siddeley group.

The first prototype Tornado suffered from engine cooling problems and so near the end of 1939 it was fitted with a large chin radiator, giving the aircraft a very distinctive appearance. The second prototype first flew much later, on 5 December 1940.

The first Typhoon prototype flew on 24 February 1940. It looked very much like the updated Tornado, except that the Tornado had two separate rows of exhausts on each side of the engine, while in the Typhoon the sets of exhausts for each engine were merged into what appeared to be a single row.

Great things were expected of the Typhoon but the Sabre engine proved unreliable, which was a taste of things to come. Vibration was a particular problem. On 9 May 1940, the Typhoon prototype suffered a structural failure, breaking aft of the cockpit, with the pilot, Philip G. Lucas, remarkably managing to land the aircraft. The second prototype flew on 3 May 1941.

The test program proceeded through 1940, and by the summer of 1941 both the Tornado and the Typhoon appeared to be close to production, except for the fact that the engines, for which so much had been hoped, were proving mechanical nightmares.

The Vulture development program was particularly troublesome. The main rationale for Vulture development was to power the Avro Manchester bomber, which was fitted with two of the big engines. The Vulture was so unreliable that one bomber squadron equipped with the Manchester joked that they should be redesignated as infantrymen. With Vulture development becoming a bottleneck, the decision was made to get rid of the two Vultures and fit the bomber with four Rolls-Royce Merlin inlines, and the result was the superlative Lancaster.

This eliminated most of the need for the Vulture. Rolls-Royce was heavily committed to Merlin engine production, there was no strong reason to divert resources to work on the Vulture, and so the Vulture was cancelled, killing Tornado production in turn. Only one production Tornado ever flew, in August 1940. Hawker managed to get Air Ministry permission to fit a Bristol Centaurus engine into a Tornado airframe, with this aircraft flying on 23 October 1941.

The Centaurus-powered Tornado proved much superior in reliability and performance to either the Vulture-powered Tornado or the Sabre-powered Typhoon. However, although it seemed like a good idea, for whatever reason Air Marshal Wilfrid Freeman, in charge of aircraft procurement, was against the it. In his defense it appears he simply didn't want British aircraft development going off in too many directions at one time. The Centaurus was having development problems of its own, and the Centaurus-powered Tornado was set aside for the time being.

Hawker and the RAF were stuck with the Typhoon. Despite the problems, the Typhoon started rolling off the production lines in May 1941, with initial deliveries to RAF squadrons in September 1941. RAF pilots called the big fighter the "Tiffy".

"Typhoon" Fighter-Bomber Profile
RAF(Royal Air Force) Museum, UK.

Name: Typhoon Mk.IB
Manufacturer: Hawker (UK)

Originally designed as a twelve-gun fighter, the Typhoon was intended to be the successor to the Hurricane. It suffered many development problems both with the airframe and its twenty-four cylinder Napier Sabre engine.

At the time of its introduction in 1941, it was the first 400mph fighter in the RAF and proved a match for the low level tip-and-run Focke-Wulf Fw190s. It was, however, in the low level close support role that the Typhoon excelled. From August 1942 it began offensive sweeps over France, Belgium and Holland, attacking enemy airfields and communications.

From the beginning of 1944 the build up of 2nd Tactical Air Force resulted in more and more Typhoon squadrons being formed and by D-Day there were no fewer than twenty-six equipped with the type. The Typhoon reached the height of its fame operating as a tank destroyer.

During the final European campaign, the aircraft flew in standing patrols, known as "cab ranks" awaiting calls from ground forces to make immediate strikes against any German target which lay in the path of Allied troops. They disrupted enemy communications and wrought havoc amongst his transport both on land and at sea, thereby playing a decisive part in many of the final battles.

With the end of the war in Europe the Typhoon's specialised role was finished and it quickly disappeared from service.

The aircraft displayed is believed to be the only surviving Typhoon. It was presented to the RAF Museum by the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

The Mk.IB, now widely known as the Tiffy, distinguished itself particularly in the Battle of Normandy. In one famous case Tiffies of the 2nd Tactical Air Force decimated a large concentration of armor ahead of Avranches, disposing of no fewer than 137 tanks, and opening the way for the liberation of France and Belgium. For use in the tactical reconnaissance role, the Typhoon FR.IB was developed early in 1945. In this version the two inboard cannon were removed and three F.24 cameras were carried in their place. One Typhoon was also converted as a prototype night fighter, the NF.Mk IB was fitted with A.I. (Airborne Interception - ie., radar) equipment, special night-flying cockpit and other modifications. Production of the Typhoon, entirely by Gloster, was 3,330 machines.

Hawker developed an improved version of the Typhoon, the Typhoon II but the differences between it and the Mark I were so great that it was effectively a different plane, the Hawker Tempest.

Hawker "Typhoon" MK.IB
WWII RAF's Winged Ace

1937年，当RAF（英国皇家空军：Royal Air Force）在WWII（二战：World War II）中最为著名的霍克“飓风”（Hawker “Hurricane”）战斗机刚刚进行首飞时，霍克公司的首席设计师Sydney·Camm（1893–1966）已经在考虑“飓风”的后继机型了。

1938年1月（首批飓风交付后两个月）英国空军部以F.18/37的设计说明书，要求设计一种各种性能超过“飓风”20%的新一代战斗机。要达到这一档性能，必需采用2,000hp级的发动机。当时英国正在研发的2000hp级发动机有：Rolls-Royce "Vulture"（罗尔斯-罗伊斯 "秃鹰"）“X”形24缸；Napier "Sabre"（龙比亚 “马刀”）"H”形24缸。

“台风”发动机 - Napier Sabre Engine

虽然Camm已经倾向采用Sabre发动机、采用12挺0.303英寸布朗宁（Browning）机枪（每挺备弹400发）的方案，但英国空军部建议Camm同时考虑两种使用不同发动机的方案，并把机枪的备弹增加到每挺500发。按照这一建议，Camm完成了使用不同发动机的两种方案：“R”——使用“Vulture”发动机；“N”——使用“Saber”发动机。

1938年8月，英国空军部同时定购了两个方案的原型机。这两种原型机的结构和外形基本一样，只是发动机冷却器进气口的位置不一样，“R”型的进气口安置在飞机腹部；“N”型的进气口安置在机头腭部。两种型号的飞机平行进行研制，同时出图。

“旋风”首架原型机侧视图（机号-P5219）

1939年10月，由于“Vulture”发动机的交付时间快，“R”方案的原型机（P5219）首先试飞，被正式命名为“旋风”（Tornado）。最初的试飞很成功，空军部在11月订购了1,000架，为加快生产空军部还提议由Hawker公司和A.V.Roc公司同时生产。进一步的试飞却暴露了“旋风”的致命缺陷，当飞行速度达到680KM/H时，腹部冷却器进气口出现“气体弹性发散”，飞机气动特性严重破坏。相比之下，“N”型的腭式进气口要合理一些，所以“R”方案也准备将进气口移到腭部。

“台风”首架原型机（机号-P5212）

1939年12月，首架“N”方案飞机（P5212）下线，命名为“台风”（Typhoon）。1940年2月24日开始试飞，试飞中发现：在起飞时发动机巨大的反向扭矩有使飞机向右舷滚转的趋势；螺旋桨和机翼根部距离太近，巨大的滑流将翼根蒙皮撕开卷走。试飞员Philip·G·Lucas竭尽全力才把飞机安全降落。

1940年5月，由于不列颠之战中飞机的损失，使得英国对当时的现役主力战斗机“飓风”和“喷火”的急需量激增，由此导致“旋风”和“台风”的发展被摆在了次要地位。虽然试制工作进度放缓，但设计发展仍然抓紧进行。

截至1940年时，英国的2,000hp级发动机已经有三种可供选择：法拉利 “君主”（Fairey “Monarch”）；赖特 “双旋风”（Wright “Duplex Cyclone”）；布里斯托尔 “人马座”（Bristol ”Centaurus“）。

在此期间，针对“旋风”和“台风”飞机本身的改进设计包括：将原先的12挺7.7mm布朗宁（Browning）机枪改装为4挺20mm希斯巴诺（Hispano）机关炮；减薄“台风”（Typhoon）的机翼；对机身进行修形以减少阻力等。

1940年10月，英国空军部决定重新恢复“旋风”和“台风”的研制，并要求在1941年批量生产。经过稍许改进（腭式进气），“旋风”的飞行速度达到了684KM/H。

“旋风”第二架原型机，改进使用了Centaurus发动机（机号-P5224）

A.V.Roc公司在1941年初生产了一架"Tornado"预生产型机（R7936），但由于Rolls-Royce "Vulture"发动机的生产计划取消，仅生产了这一架。在改进机身设计后装用Bristol ”Centaurus“发动机，在1941年10月23日试飞，达到了678KM/H的速度，但只生产了一架，供德哈维兰（De Havilland）公司做为试验平台，“旋风”（Tornado）计划就此结束。

“台风”Mk.IA型（与MK.IB型最明显的区别在于机翼没有安装 20毫米机炮）

第一架“Typhoon” MK.IA预生产型（R7082）1941年5月26日试飞，装Sabre IIA发动机和12挺Browning机枪。MK.IA型只生产了很少数量供RAF试飞评估。按RAF要求，Hawker公司开始大量生产装有4门20mm机关炮的“Typhoon” MK.IB型，以对付在前线新出现的德军Focke-Wulf Fw-190战斗机。

“台风”Mk.IB在野战机场重新挂弹，注意前期型号侧开的驾驶舱门

1941年9月，驻Duxford（现英国帝国战争博物馆所在地）的第56和609中队开始装备“Typhoon” MK.IB机型。装备初期，MK.IB暴露出很多问题，损失于事故的飞机数量远高于战损率。主要问题是发动机质量不稳定和在高速俯冲时水平尾翼动作出现呆滞甚至卡死。1942年8月在靠近英吉利海峡（English Channel）法属勒特赫港（France Le Tréport）上空，“Typhoon” MK.IB利用阳光掩护攻击了Fw-190编队，虽然击落了3架德军Fw-190，但是英军2架“台风”却因未能从俯冲中改出而损失。经过进一步改进后，“Typhoon” MK.IB从此开始有效地执行战斗任务。1943年1月20日，英军609中队首次使用“Typhoon” MK.IB战斗机击落2架袭击伦敦的德军Me-210战斗轰炸机和5架Fw-190战斗机。

“台风”战机在对地攻击作战中

1942年11月7日，英军飞行员Beaumont驾驶“Typhoon” MK.IB首次夜间袭击了位于法国德占区的地面目标。在此之后，RAF发现笨重的“台风”战机在爬升率和高空最大速度方面性能一般，而执行地面攻击和战场遮断任务时以较大的平飞速度和武器携带量见长，因而“Typhoon” MK.IB执行地面攻击任务越来越多。

在执行地面攻击任务时，“Typhoon” MK.IB会携带2X250磅或2X500磅，最高载荷达到2X1,000磅的地面攻击型炸弹，起飞重量达到5,630KG，在2,000M高度的最大平飞速度为626KM/H。在改挂8枚火箭弹后，“台风”战机更适宜用作对德军装甲目标进行袭击，其火箭弹可以轻易穿透德军坦克的顶装甲。

“台风”战机在执行对地攻击任务时，会在两侧机翼下挂载总共8枚的60磅火箭弹

在盟军（WWII Allied Forces）于1944年6月6日展开的诺曼底（France Normandie）反攻登陆期间，RAF共有26个“Typhoon” MK.IB中队参加战斗，在作战中发挥了重要作用。其中一个重要战例是：“台风”战机在对阿弗郎什附近集结的德军装甲部队进行的攻击中，共击毁了137辆德军坦克，直接瓦解了德军计划中对盟军登陆场的一次大规模反击。

德国陆军坦克王牌米歇尔·魏特曼（Michael·Wittmann）所驾驶的007号虎式坦克（TIGER TANK）在被击毁殉爆后的车身和炮塔

另两个著名的战果是：1944年7月7日，德军隆美尔元帅（Erwin·Rommel，1891—1944）在靠近诺曼底前线的公路上遭遇到“台风”战机的扫射，座车被击毁，隆美尔本人身负重伤（此战也有是“喷火”战机所为之说，但按英国官方战史描述，此战为“台风”战机所完成）；1944年8月8日，德国一号王牌坦克手米歇尔·魏特曼（Tiger Ace - Michael·Wittmann）的“虎式”坦克在卡昂（Caen）附近被“台风”战机用60磅火箭弹击中坦克车身后方之发动机舱上部，攻击火箭弹战斗部直接穿入车辆战斗室引爆，即而引发弹药殉爆造成车毁人亡。

在盟军解放法国和比利时的战斗中，“Typhoon” MK.IB在攻击德军后方集结或撤退的装甲部队或地面目标时发挥重要作用，使英军的地面作战式样有了一个质的飞跃。

另外，“台风”战机还有一种战术侦察改型“Typhoon” F.R.IB和一种装A.I截击雷达的夜间战斗型NF.MK IB。在整个二战期间，英军“台风”战机总共生产了3,330架。

~ German PanzerKampfwagen VI: The legendary "Tiger I"  in WWII ~

Early Tiger I's are identifiable by tall commander's cupola, rubber-rimmed roadwheels & Feifel air cleaners.

German industry first began working on heavy tank designs in 1937, even though it was believed at the time that the PzKpfw III and IV would be more than adequate for the coming battles. But when the German Panzers in Russia encountered the Soviet T-34's and KV-1's in 1941 it was all too apparent that a new heavy tank was needed. Ultimately, this resulted in a specification for a 45-ton tank with an 88mm gun, heavy armor, speed and manuverability. The Porsche firm began working on this new tank design but encountered serious complications. The Henschel firm then began working on its own model under the direction of Dr. Erwin Aders, drawing from its previous work on heavy tank designs. The two firms were to have prototypes ready for inspection by Hitler at Rastenburg on his birthday, April 20th, 1942. The Porsche and Henschel tanks were put through trials and, in spite of Dr. Ferdinand Porsche's friendship with Hitler, the Henschel tank won, in large part due to its superior maneuverability.

Tiger I's cutaway drawings showing the various interior components.

Production was ordered to start in August 1942. It began at a rate of 25 tanks per month and peaked in April 1944 at a rate of 104 per month. It took 300,000 man hours to build one Tiger, almost twice as much time as a Panther required.

The average cost of a Tiger was 250,000 Reichsmarks. In comparison, a PzKpfw III cost RM 96,200, a PzKpfw IV RM 103,500, and a PzKpfw V Panther RM 117,000; all these figures are exclusive of weapons and radios. The Tiger cost $100,000 in 1941 U.S. dollars. Adjusted for inflation, a Tiger I today would cost approximately $1,282,051. By comparison, the United States current M1A1 Abrams tank costs $4,300,000.

The new tank was officially designated Panzerkampfwagen VI H (88mm) (SdKfz 182) Ausf H1. The design program had been known as the Tigerprogram and in March of '42 the Germans began referring to the panzer as the Tiger.

When it was introduced, the Tiger was the most powerful tank in the world. The 88mm gun was extremely powerful and the heavy armor made it almost impervious to attack. Even though its fearsomeness was to grow to almost mythical proportions, its combat debut was less than impressive.

The first 4 Tigers to see combat were sent to the Leningrad area in August of 1942. Unfortunately they were deployed single file over swampy terrain and in their first day of combat all four were knocked out, although their armor was not penetrated. Three were later recovered. In spite of this bad start, Tiger tactics were soon learned and other units were quickly trained and equipped with the Tiger. By the end of 1942, Tiger formations had been deployed to Russia, Africa, and Italy. Training centers were established in both Germany and France and eventually Tigers would be in service with ten Heer heavy tank battalions, one training battalion, three SS heavy tank battalions, and the Grossdeutschland Panzer Grenadier Division . A few additional formations received limited numbers of Tigers.

Early Tiger S33 of sKp/SS-PzRgt.2, SS-Panzer Grenadier Division Das Reich in the Russian woods, 1943.

The Tigers built an impressive record in Russia during 1943 and '44. They destroyed tremendous amounts of enemy equipment and often just the sight of a Tiger would induce the Russian tankers to withdraw. They had similiar success in North Africa and Italy, creating a powerful psychological effect on Allied troops. On Feb. 1, 1943 the British captured a Tiger intact and subsequently performed exhaustive tests on it. To their dismay, they found the Tiger was indeed an excellent gun platform and extremely well protected from all but their biggest anti-tank guns.

The influence of the Tiger on Allied morale, known as Tigerphobia, was so powerful that British General Montgomery banned all reports mentioning it's prowess in battle. Perhaps the Tiger's greatest fame was gained in a single action in Normandy where the famous commander SS Obersturmf Michael Wittman destroyed an entire column of 25 tanks, 14 half-tracks and 14 bren-gun carriers in a few short minutes with one Tiger. Due to Allied air superiority, the Tigers in Normandy and France were employed mainly in a static defensive role. This conserved fuel as the Tiger normally consumed huge amounts of petrol. It also kept the mechanical breakdowns to a minimum.

German Ace "Michael Wittman" and crew in front of their "Tiger".

Throughout the war, the Tiger's greatest weakness was poor mechanical reliablility. If preventive maintenance was not performed regularly, the transmission would soon fail due to the great weight of the machine. The result was a great number of Tiger's abandoned and destroyed by their crews due to mechanical breakdown. Recovery was a constant problem because of the Tiger's weight, with only the absolute largest recovery vehicles being able to tow a stricken vehicle. It often took several of these to do the job and, even though it was forbidden by regulations, the Tigers themselves were often forced to tow their comrades out of trouble. The overlapping roadwheels also caused problems, sometimes becoming clogged with frozen mud and debris. This could cause the tank to throw a track or simply be frozen in place. The sheer size of the tank was another weakness. Many bridges could not support it's weight and any routes it took had to be scouted out to ensure the roads were wide enough. Special rail cars had to be used to transport it. Special transport tracks which were narrower had to be fitted for rail travel, a job which was not relished by the crews.

Middle Tiger I's have the 2nd design turret with smaller cupola but retain the rubber-rimmed roadwheels.

The Tiger's two greatest strengths were its main gun and its heavy armor. The 88mm KwK 36 L/56 main gun was the most powerful anti-tank gun then in use by any army, capable of penetrating 112 mm of armor at 1400 meters. The Tiger I had the best quality armor of any German tank. The rolled homogeneous nickel-steel plate had the best homogeneous armor hardness level of any WW II tank, meaning it was stronger and less brittle. It was used in great thicknesses on the Tiger, resulting in great weight but extreme protection. The combination of this massive armor and powerful gun made for an almost unbeatable tank. Enemy crews often watched helplessly as their shots bounced off the Tiger and their own vehicles were quickly destroyed...often from great distances. The Tiger I was very maneuverable for its weight and size, and it was only 2km/h slower than the Panzer III and Panzer IV.

Late Tiger I's are most easily identified by their steel roadwheels.

The Tiger I became one of the legendary machines of World War II. It has become a popular subject for modellers, armor enthusiasts, and WWII historians. Today there are only a handful of surviving Tiger I's, the most famous being the still running Tiger 131 of the Bovington Tank Museum in England. Obsolete by today's standards, what was once the most powerful machine in the world has passed into the history books as one of the greatest tank designs of all time.

以此写给我所珍爱的人：让我们一起共勉！

在共同生活的道路上，夫妻之间心手相连。

两个人的结合，同时也是两个家庭的结合。

“珍惜、包容、专注”——便是我们的幸福。

面对家庭和事业，我们的心始终紧贴在一起。

“沈家”家训

1. 只要团结一致，我们就所向无敌；
2. 坚持家族的和谐，包括自己所挚爱之人；
3. 金钱一旦作响，坏话随之戛然而止。

专注于走自己的道路，让时间去证明一切吧。

—— 沈思通 二零零八年十二月八日

The Movie Profile

《美女与野兽》（Beauty and The Beast）是第一部获奥斯卡奖提名最佳故事片的动画长片，并获第49届金球奖最佳影片（歌舞/喜剧类）奖。这部影片夺得了1991年第64届奥斯卡最佳作曲奖和最佳电影歌曲奖。作为一部音乐剧体裁的动画片，《美女与野兽》最终由600名动画创作人员耗时三年半完成，其中动画师就有500多位。本片的制作预算高达8000万美元，可谓是名副其实的大制作动画片。本片是迪士尼公司又一部改编自童话故事的经典卡通片，影片通过美女和野兽之间情绪的变化烘托出如何学习爱人和被爱的主题。将动物和一般死物成功地拟人化制造出来的喜剧效果，以及在画面上首次运用三维立体电脑特效营造的视觉突破，都是令本片在艺术创作上脱颖而出的原因。

配乐一向是好莱坞卡通电影成功的重要因素，所以迪士尼公司为本片组织了强大的配乐阵容。作曲家艾伦．曼肯（Alan Menken）和作词家霍华德．亚瑟曼（Howard Ashman）的配合使本片增色不少，他们将热闹的摇滚乐和夸张的百老汇音乐相互融合，发展出别具一格的迪士尼式浪漫童话配乐，效果深获好评，同时获得奥斯卡和金球奖的最佳原著音乐及最佳电影歌曲奖 。主题曲“BEAUTY AND THE BEAST”由抒情歌王Peabo Bryson（帕波．布莱森）和流行天后Celion Dion（席琳．蒂翁）深情演绎，分别代表了野兽和美女柔情似水的内心世界在激荡，成为一首百听不厌的对唱情歌。

Disney's animated version of the classic tale, "Beauty and the Beast," is every bit as enchanting as the "tale as old as time" that it tells, making its way into our hearts as well as motion picture history. Being the first film nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture, as well as six nominations altogether, Disney proves that it has what it takes to make an animated feature enjoyable for adults and children.

Many have hailed this as the best of Disney's films, and they wouldn't be wrong in saying so, either. It's easy to see why the movie has become such a success: there are elements at work in this film, just as in every other Disney film, only they seem to have taken on a small degree of maturity with this film's creation.

The film is as good as any Disney animated feature ever made - as magical as "Pinocchio," "Snow White," "The Little Mermaid." And it's a reminder that animation is the ideal medium for fantasy, because all of its fears and dreams can be made literal. No Gothic castle in the history of horror films, for example, has ever approached the awesome, frightening towers of the castle where the Beast lives. And no real wolves could have fangs as sharp or eyes as glowing as the wolves that prowl in the castle woods.

Like all of the best Disney animated films, "Beauty and the Beast" surrounds its central characters with a large peanut gallery of gossipy, chattering supporting players. The Beast's haunted castle contains household objects that act as his serving staff, and so we meet Lumiere, a candlestick; Cogsworth, a clock; and Mrs. Potts, a teapot with a little son named Chip. These characters are all naturally on Belle's side, because they want to see the Beast freed from his magic spell.

This is one of Disney's most ambitious and successful projects, ranking alongside such cinematic achievements as the successes of "Citizen Kane" and "Gone With The Wind." Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Picture, as well as its Oscar nominations, "Beauty and the Beast" is a hallmark of a time when movies were something that everyone, young and old alike, could enjoy on the same levels. This is the best picture of 1991.

Through brilliant animation and song, as well as some terrific voice talents, the story of unexpected love comes to new and exciting life.

The Fairytale Story

《美女与野兽》的故事来自古老的格林童话：在村外的森林里，住着一位被魔咒化为野兽的王子。故事中的王子被巫婆施了魔法而变成野兽的模样，他只有在玫瑰花凋谢之前，学会爱别人和被别人爱，才能打破巫婆的咒语。村子里美丽的姑娘贝尔与父亲相依为命。一天父亲在森林里迷路，误入城堡而被野兽囚禁，贝尔为了解救父亲，自愿留在了城堡内。经过一段时间的相处，贝尔逐渐发现野兽其实内心善良，在不知不觉中，贝尔和野兽坠入了爱河。此时，村夫恶汉加斯顿欲强娶贝尔，便带村民围杀野兽，在搏斗中加斯顿罪有应得最终坠楼身亡，而此时的野兽也危在旦夕。但真爱的力量是如此伟大：最终贝尔的爱情破除了野兽的魔咒，他变成英俊的王子。 他们深情相拥在了一起，在两人幸福地漫舞中，两颗相爱的心自此永不分离......

Once upon a time in a faraway land, a young prince lived in a shining castle. Although he had everything his heart had desired, the prince was spoiled, selfish and unkind. But then one winter’s night, an old beggar woman came to the castle, and offered him a single rose in return for shelter from the bitter cold. Repulsed by her haggard appearance, the prince sneered at the gift and turned the old woman away. But she warned him not to be deceived by appearances, for beauty is found within. And when he dismissed him again, the old woman’s ugliness melted away to reveal a beauty.

The prince tried to apologize, but it was too late, for she had seen that there was no love in his heart. And as punishment, she transformed him into a hideous beast, and placed a powerful spell on the castle and all who lived there. Ashamed of his monstrous form, the beast concealed himself inside his castle, with a magic mirror as his only window to the outside world. The rose she had offered was truly an enchanted rose, which would bloom until his 21st year. If he couldn’t learn to love another and earn her love in return by the time the last petal fell, the spell would be broken. If not, he would be doomed to remain a beast for all the time. As the year passed by, he felled into despair and lost all hope, for who could ever learn to love.

Poor but beautiful Belle lives with her inventor father Maurice in a small provincial French town. Belle is considered eccentric by most of the townsfolk, since she's more interested in reading books than in the attentions of her would-be suitor, the handsome but conceited Gaston. While traveling through the woods one night, Maurice is taken prisoner in the castle of the mysterious beast who is secretly under a spell that will only be broken when a woman falls in love with him. When Belle travels to the castle in search of her father, the beast agrees to release Maurice only if Belle will become his prisoner forever.

This begins beauty and the beast's rocky-turned-romantic relationship, as they begin to warm to one another. In the castle the beast treats the beauty well; all Belle's wishes are met by magic. He visits her every evening for supper and gradually Belle grows to look forwards to these meetings as a break to the monotony of her life. At the end of each visit the beast asks Belle to be his wife, which she refuses although agreeing never to leave the palace. Belle sees in the magic mirror that her father is desperately missing her and asks that she might return to visit him. The beast assents on the condition that she return in seven days, lest he die.

Meanwhile, the town brute, Gaston, has plans of his own, involving some sinister maneuvers involving Belle's father in hopes that she will agree to marry him. "Love doesn't conquer all, but without love nothing can be conquered." Wishing herself back with the beast, Belle is transported back to the castle where she finds the beast dying of a broken heart. She realizes that she is desperately in love with the beast and says that she would gladly marry him. At this the beast is transformed into a prince, The Prince and Belle live happily ever after because their "contentment is founded on goodness."

The Music Theme

"BEAUTY AND THE BEAST"
《美女与野兽》
Celine Dion & Peabo Bryson
席琳.蒂翁 & 帕波.布莱森

Tale as old as time, true as it can be.
美妙的时光，就从现在起，
Barely even friends, then somebody bends, unexpectedly
人生过程中，总会有奇迹，改变了一切。
Just a little change, small to say the least, both a little scared, neither one prepared,
在那无意间，爱神走进你，没人能预知，未来的世界，
Beauty & the Beast
美女与野兽。

Ever just the same, Ever a surprise
放开你胸怀，把握住现在，
Ever as before, and ever just as sure as the sun will rise.
让所有梦想，燃起生命中，亮丽的色彩。

INSTRUMENTAL

Ever just the same, Ever a surprise
放开你胸怀，把握住现在，
Ever as before, and ever just as sure as the sun will rise.
让所有梦想，燃起生命中，亮丽的色彩。

Wow...

Tale as old as time, tune as old as song,
美妙的时光，像一首老歌，
Bitter sweet & strange, inding you can change, learning you were wrong
当你再想起，它有苦有甜，值得再回味。

Certain as the sun (Certain as the sun), Rising in the east
轻声漫舞中，爱苗在滋长，

Tale as old as time, Song as old as rhyme,
让所有祝福，围绕你们俩，
Beauty & the Beast
美女与野兽。

Tale as old as time, Song as old as rhyme,
让所有祝福，围绕你们俩，
Beauty & the Beast
美女与野兽。

Music Theme of The Movie "Waiting in Beijing"

Beijing City 北京城
Singer: Amir
Album: Waiting in beijing

People rush by
Skyscrapers light the night
Wise old city
Has eyes so bright
Ancient voices
whispering in my ear
I know I can make it here

人来人往
高楼大厦从夜晚划过
充满智慧的古都
有着明亮的眼睛
古老的声音
在我耳边细语
我知道在这里我可以

Oh Beijing City 
I know your heart is true
Oh Beijing City
My heartbeat beats with you
On every street I feel the hope
I see the magic you can bring
I’ll find my love in Beijing

喔，北京城
我知道你的心是真
喔，北京城
我的心和你一起跳动
每一条街我感觉到希望
我能见到你带来的魔力
我会在北京找到我的爱

Wind blows, rain falls
The sky opens and it calls
Beauty shines
Now I see it all
Breath held, eyes closed
I feel life with just my soul
Finally I can touch my goal

风在吹，雨在下
天空敞开，呼唤着
美丽在发光
现在我能看见一切
摒住呼吸 闭上眼睛
我的灵魂能感觉到生命
终于我能碰到我的目标

Oh Beijing City 
I know your heart is true
Oh Beijing City
My heartbeat beats with you
On every street I feel the hope
I see the magic you can bring
I'll find my love in Beijing 

Oh Beijing City
I know your heart is true
Oh Beijing City
My heartbeat beats with you
On every street I feel the hope
I see the magic you can bring
I'll find my love in Beijing

I'll find my love in Beijing

喔，北京城
我知道你的心是真
喔，北京城
我的心和你一起跳动
每一条街我感觉到希望
我能见到你带来的魔力
 我会在北京找到我的爱 

喔-北京城
我知道你的心是真
喔-北京城
我的心和你一起跳动
每一条街我感觉到希望
我能见到你带来的魔力
我会在北京找到我的爱

我会在北京找到我的爱

北京等待 Waiting In Beijing (2008) 

中文片名：北京等待
外文片名：Waiting In Beijing
发行年份：2008年
标签： 伊拉克战争 非典 爱情
导 演：Alan Zhang
国内上映日期：2008年10月24日
欧美上映日期：2008年12月中旬
主 演：Kelly Nyks / Steph Song / Ting Ting Hu / Robert Lin / Tala Ashrafi
发行/出品：北京天地和泰影视艺术有限公司 / 美国红仙女娱乐有限公司 / 中国电影集团公司
片 长：100分钟 
类 型：爱情/剧情
国家/区域：中国
语言种类：英语/普通话
幕 幅：遮幅

主演角色

Kelly Nyks ...  George
 Steph Song ...  Judy (as Li Ching Song)
 Tala Ashe ...  Nadia (as Tala Ashrafi)
 Ting Ting Hu ...  Nancy
 Robert Lin ...  Dr. Zheng
 BoZhao Wang ...  Charles
 He Huang ...  Paul
 Karl Eiselen ...  Mr. Smith
 Peter Noel Duhamel ...  Mr. Kerry
 Susanne Kristensen ...  Mrs. Kerry
 Volker Helfrich ...  Kerr
 Nicolas Carre ...  Mitterand
 Gary Michael Malmon ...  Jack
 Lily Chai ...  Michelle
 Guang Yang ...  Liu, Baiwan

剧情介绍

《北京等待》以2003年为故事背景，也就是美国发动伊拉克战争与北京出现“非典”（SARS）危机之际。2003年2月，美国一跨国公司老板的儿子乔治在法国巴黎与伊拉克国家博物馆馆长的女儿娜迪娅相爱。但由于伊拉克战争日趋逼近，留学在外的娜迪娅被迫返伊，两人相约去北京见面。乔治到北京后，由于伊拉克战争日趋逼近，纷飞的战火使娜迪娅没能如约到达北京，痴情的乔治只有选择在北京等待深爱的恋人。由于伊战爆发，漫长的等待中，乔治在北京工作的酒吧里偶然结识了来自云南丽江泸沽湖的摩梭族姑娘朱迪。当热心的朱迪知道乔治与娜迪娅的爱情后，决定通过自己在巴格达的记者同学帮助乔治找寻娜迪娅。可当娜迪娅即将出现时，朱迪却发现自己早已深深地爱上了乔治。正在这时，大规模的“非典”爆发了······ 本片围绕乔治和娜迪娅的爱情去展开了朱迪与乔治的关系，他们共同经历了伊拉克战争及北京的非典。娜迪娅在这场战争中的命运会如何？朱迪与乔治的关系又将如何发展呢？

幕后故事

由中国电影集团公司、美国红仙女娱乐有限公司、北京天地和泰影视艺术有限公司共同投资制作的爱情故事影片《北京等待》，2008年10月24日起在全国各大城市全线上映。《北京等待》的主要拍摄地点是北京、巴黎和云南，后期制作全部在洛杉矶完成。影片主要用英语拍摄，长度为100分钟。

主要演员都是好莱坞美国演员公会的演员，其中：华裔加拿大女演员宋丽清（Steph Song）被亚洲FHM的读者评为“2006年度世界最性感的女人”，被Playback在加拿大被评为2006年“娱乐界最被看好的10人之一”，而她主演的一部亚洲幽默连续剧又得到了2005年纽约影节的第二名，2007年又得到了加拿大电视节二等奖。男主角凯利·尼克斯（Kelly Nyks）是好莱坞人气指数不断上升的演员，伊拉克姑娘娜迪娅的饰演者Tala Ashrafi也是被好莱坞看好的演员。南茜的饰演者胡婷婷（Ting Ting Hu）是实力派演员，还是台湾台中市长胡志强的千金。

本片集合了美国及中国的制作班底，由常年生活在美国的张伦（Alan Zhang）担任编剧兼导演，他为完成自己的第一部电影，整整准备了二十年。本片全部实景拍摄。主要人物均有原型。所有的历史事件都是真实的，比如说法国有一批伊拉克留学生，伊战前当时的伊拉克政权下令他们立即回国；比如一个叫娜迪娅的女子被一枚没有爆炸的导弹穿胸而过；比如伊拉克国家博物馆被抢劫的事件等等。

2008年3月26日及7月30日，电影在洛杉矶进行了试映，得到了到场观众的一致叫好。观众有资深的电影人(奥斯卡奖的导演及制片人等)，有当地的政商各流(洛杉矶郡郡长等)，有华文媒体及中国驻洛杉矶领事馆的工作人员。奥斯卡奖的制片人麦克·菲力浦( MICHAEL PHILLIPS)讲：这部电影让他十分震惊！洛杉矶郡长麦可·安东诺维奇(MICHAEL O.ANTONOVICH)给张伦导演颁发了政府奖，表彰他对美国多元文化所作的贡献，颁奖时讲：这是他看过的好电影中的好电影，他很荣幸代表洛杉矶88个城市及1300万人把这个奖颁给张伦导演。

电影业内人士认为这是一部把思想艺术和商业市场结合得很好的电影，突出表现在这样几个方面：
1. 影片是一个特别的爱情故事，信息量十分大，有很多创新；
2. 影片十分真实细腻的展示人性，表达人物性格心理的多样性和复杂性，演员的表演也很精彩；
3. 影片很有深度、很有国际观，而每个人都能理解；
4. 影片向世界呈现了今天真正的中国、真实的北京，而不是传统、虚拟的北京；
5. 影片成功的处理了敏感的国际议题(如伊拉克战争及三大文化)；
6. 影片为中国电影带进了新的元素，是中国电影从未有过的国际高度及国际观。

《北京等待》一片已荣获2008年度美国A·O·F国际电影节颁发的两个重要奖项：“导演杰出贡献奖”及“最佳摄影奖”，本届电影节主席 — 美国派拉蒙公司资深副总裁阿兰·贝雷（Alan Pere）在颁奖时说：这是他看的一部非常好的电影，他很难想象这是一个中国导演拍的，《北京等待》得到这两个奖项当之无愧！

张伦（Alan Zhang）这个名字对于影坛来讲很陌生，有的人甚至都不知道他是做什么的。张伦不属于文化圈，也不属于政治圈，他是一个不折不扣的商人。《北京等待》是张伦首次当导演兼编剧，用他的话讲，自小就有一个拍电影的梦想，但由于经济的原因，只好先下海经商。为了圆这个梦想，张伦苦苦等了整整20年。《北京等待》虽然是张伦首次执导，但是却获得了美国A.O.F电影节的“导演杰出贡献奖”、“最佳摄影奖”两项大奖，这无疑是对张伦的鼓励和认可。

是不是好的作品，还是观众说了算，至于中国的观众是否能给影片打高分，这要看了之后才知道。影片已于2008年10月24日起在全国各大城市全线上映，2008年12月中旬将在美国上映，据制片人、编剧兼导演张伦透露，这部影片将参与明年的金球和奥斯卡奖的角逐。